21st Century Guidebook to Fungi, SECOND EDITION, by David Moore, Geoffrey D. Robson and Anthony P. J. Trinci

Table of Contents

1. Chapter 7: From the haploid to the functional diploid; homokaryons, heterokaryons, dikaryons and compatibility
2. Chapter 8: Sexual reproduction: the basis of diversity and taxonomy
   1. The process of sexual reproduction
   2. Mating in budding yeast
   3. Mating type switching in budding yeast
   4. Mating types of Neurospora
   5. Mating types in Basidiomycota
   6. Biology of mating type factors
   7. Chapter 8 References and further reading
   8. Buy a PDF of Chapter 8
3. Chapter 9: Continuing the diversity theme: cell and tissue differentiation

Chapter 8.7 References and further reading

Barsoum, E., Martinez, P. & Aström, S.U. (2010). Alpha3, a transposable element that promotes host sexual reproduction. Genes and Development, 24: 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.557310.

Billiard, S., López-Villavicencio, M., Devier, B., Hood, M.E., Fairhead, C. & Giraud, T. (2011). Having sex, yes, but with whom? Inferences from fungi on the evolution of anisogamy and mating types. Biological Reviews, 86: 421-442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00153.x.

Billiard, S., López-Villavicencio, M., Hood, M. E. & Giraud, T. (2012). Sex, outcrossing and mating types: unsolved questions in fungi and beyond. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25: 1020-1038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02495.x.

Bobola, N. & Merabet, S. (2017). Homeodomain proteins in action: similar DNA binding preferences, highly variable connectivity. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 43: 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2016.09.008.

Brown, A.J. & Casselton, L.A. (2001). Mating in mushrooms: increasing the chances but prolonging the affair. Trends in Genetics, 17:  393-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02343-5.

Casselton, L.A. (2008). Fungal sex genes-searching for the ancestors. Bioessays, 30: 711-714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20782.

Casselton, L.A. & Olesnicky, N.S. (1998).  Molecular genetics of mating recognition in basidiomycete fungi. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62: 55-70. URL: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/62/1/55.long.

Coelho, M.A., Bakkeren, G., Sun, S., Hood, M.E. & Giraud, T. (2017). Fungal sex: the Basidiomycota. In: The Fungal Kingdom, (eds J. Heitman, B. Howlett, P. Crous, E. Stukenbrock, T. James & N.A.R. Gow), pp. 147-175. Washington, DC: ASM Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0046-2016. VIEW on Amazon.

Daskalov, A., Heller, J., Herzog, S., Fleißner, A. & Glass, N. (2017). Molecular mechanisms regulating cell fusion and heterokaryon formation in filamentous fungi. In: The Fungal Kingdom, (eds J. Heitman, B. Howlett, P. Crous, E. Stukenbrock, T. James & N.A.R. Gow), pp. 215-229. Washington, DC: ASM Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0015-2016. VIEW on Amazon.

Debuchy, R. (1999). Internuclear recognition: A possible connection between euascomycetes and homobasidiomycetes. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 27: 218-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.1999.1142.

Dyer, P.S., Munro, C.A. & Bradshaw, R.E. (2017). Fungal genetics. In: Oxford Textbook of Medical Mycology, (eds C.C. Kibbler,‎ R. Barton,‎ N.A.R. Gow,‎ S. Howell,‎ D.M. MacCallum & R.J. Manuel), pp. 35-42. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 400 pp. ISBN-10: 0198755384, ISBN-13: 978-0198755388. VIEW on Amazon.

Foulongne-Oriol, M., Taskent, O., Kües, U., Sonnenberg, A.S.M., van Peer, A.F. & Giraud, T. (2021). Mating-type locus organization and mating-type chromosome differentiation in the bipolar edible button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Genes, 12 (7): article 1079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12071079.

Goodenough, U. & Heitman, J. (2014). Origins of eukaryotic sexual reproduction. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 6: a016154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016154.

Haber, J. (2007). Decisions, decisions: donor preference during budding yeast mating-type switching. In: Sex in Fungi: Molecular Determination and Evolutionary Implications, (eds J. Heitman, J.W. Kronstad, J.W. Taylor & L.A. Casselton), pp. 159-170. Washington, DC: ASM Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815837.ch9. VIEW on Amazon.

Haber, J.E. (2012). Mating-type genes and MAT switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics, 191: 33-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.134577.

Hadjivasiliou, Z., Pomiankowski, A. & Kuijper, B. (2016). The evolution of mating type switching. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, 70: 1569-1581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12959.

Hanson, S.J., Byrne, K.P. & Wolfe, K.H. (2014). Mating-type switching by chromosomal inversion in methylotrophic yeasts suggests an origin for the three-locus Saccharomyces cerevisiae system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111: E4851-E4858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416014111.

Heitman, J. (2015). Evolution of sexual reproduction: a view from the fungal kingdom supports an evolutionary epoch with sex before sexes. Fungal Biology Reviews, 29: 108-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2015.08.002.

Jia, S., Yamada, T. & Grewal, S.I.S. (2004). Heterochromatin regulates cell type-specific long-range chromatin interactions essential for directed recombination. Cell, 119: 469-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.020.

Judelson, H.S. (2007). Sexual reproduction in plant pathogenic oomycetes: biology and impact on disease. In: Sex in Fungi: Molecular Determination and Evolutionary Implications, (eds J. Heitman, J.W. Kronstad, J.W. Taylor & L.A. Casselton), pp. 445-458. Washington, DC: ASM Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815837.ch27. VIEW on Amazon.

Kim, H., Wright, S.J., Park, G., Ouyang, S., Krystofova, S. & Borkovich, K.A. (2012). Roles for receptors, pheromones, G proteins, and mating type genes during sexual reproduction in Neurospora crassa. Genetics, 190: 1389-1404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.136358.

Kothe, E. (1999). Mating types and pheromone recognition in the Homobasidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 27: 146-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.1999.1129.

Kruzel, E.K. & Hull, C.M. (2010). Establishing an unusual cell type: how to make a dikaryon. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 13: 706-711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.016.

Kües, U. (2015). From two to many: multiple mating types in Basidiomycetes. Fungal Biology Reviews, 29: 126-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2015.11.001.

Land, K.M. (2001). Genome sequencing suggests sexual reproduction in Candida albicans. Trends in Microbiology, 9: 201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02052-2.

Lee, S.C. & Heitman, J. (2014). Sex in the Mucoralean fungi. Mycoses, 57: 18-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12244.

Montelone, B.A. (2015). Yeast mating type. eLS (Citable Reviews in the Life Sciences), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0000598.pub2.

Moore, D. (2001). Slayers, Saviors, Servants, and Sex: An Exposé of Kingdom Fungi. Springer-Verlag, New York. ISBN-10: 0387951016, ISBN-13: 978-0387951010. VIEW on Amazon. VIEW on publisher's website.

• See chapter 9, pp. 127-137: Birds do it. Bees do it. Even educated fleas do it. But why? CLICK HERE to download the complete text.

Moore, D. (2013). Fungal Biology in the Origin and Emergence of Life. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 230 pp. ISBN-10: 1107652774, ISBN-13: 978-1107652774. VIEW on Amazon.

Moore, D. & Novak Frazer, L. (2002). Essential Fungal Genetics. Springer-Verlag Inc.: New York. ISBN-10: 0387953671, ISBN-13: 978-0387953670. VIEW on Amazon.

• See chapter 2 Genome interactions [especially sections 2.6 to 2.10] CLICK HERE to download the complete text;
• and chapter 5 Recombination analysis [especially section 5.10] CLICK HERE to download the complete text.

Pérez-Martín, J. & de Sena-Tomás, C. (2011). Dikaryotic cell cycle in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis is controlled by the DNA damage response cascade. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6: 1574-1577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.10.17055.

Pringle, A. & Taylor, J.W. (2002). The fitness of filamentous fungi. Trends in Microbiology, 10: 474-481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02447-2.

Raju, N.B. (2008). Six decades of Neurospora ascus biology at Stanford. Fungal Biology Reviews, 22: 26-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2008.03.003.

Raudaskoski, M. (2015). Mating-type genes and hyphal fusions in filamentous basidiomycetes. Fungal Biology Reviews, 29: 179-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2015.04.001.

Raudaskoski, M. & Kothe, E. (2010). Basidiomycete mating type genes and pheromone signaling. Eukaryotic Cell, 9: 847-859.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00319-09.

Shiu, P.K.T. & Glass, N.L. (2000). Cell and nuclear recognition mechanisms mediated by mating type in filamentous ascomycetes. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 3: 183-188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00073-4.

Taylor, J.W., Jacobson, D.J. & Fisher, M.C. (1999).  The evolution of asexual fungi: reproduction, speciation and classification. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 37: 197–246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.197.

Tsui, C.K-M., DiGuistini, S., Wang, Y., Feau, N., Dhillon, B., Bohlmann, J. & Hamelin, R.C. (2013). Unequal recombination and evolution of the mating-type (MAT) loci in the pathogenic fungus Grosmannia clavigera and relatives. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, 3: 465-480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.112.004986.

Vonk, P.J. & Ohm, R.A. (2018). The role of homeodomain transcription factors in fungal development. Fungal Biology Reviews, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2018.04.002.

Wang, Z., Kin, K., Lopez-Giraldez, F., Johannesson, H. & Townsend, J.P. (2012). Sex-specific gene expression during asexual development of Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 49: 533-543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2012.05.004.

Wik, L., Karlsson, M. & Johannesson, H. (2008). The evolutionary trajectory of the mating-type (mat) genes in Neurospora relates to reproductive behavior of taxa. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8: 109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-109.

Wu, C., Yang, F., Smith, K.M., Peterson, M., Dekhang, R., Zhang, Y., Zucker, J., Bredeweg, E.L., Mallappa, C., Zhou, X., Lyubetskaya, A., Townsend, J.P., Galagan, J.E., Freitag, M., Dunlap, J.C., Bell-Pedersen, D. & Sachs, M.S. (2014). Genome-wide characterization of light-regulated genes in Neurospora crassa. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, 4: 1731-1745. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1534/g3.114.012617.

Updated September, 2021